Since the introduction of private tubewells in rural Pakistan, farmers have increasingly used groundwater to supplement canal water for irrigation and improve the reliability of the water supply. Farmers obtain groundwater either from their own tubewells or from other well owners. This paper examines the effect of private tubewells on rural income, both in terms of income level and income distr...

If farmers are risk averse, greater farm income variability should increase off-farm labor supply. This effect is confirmed for a sample of Kansas farmers. Off-farm employment of farmers and their spouses is also found to be significantly influenced by farm experience, off-farm work experience, farm size, leverage, efficiency, and farm-specific education. In addition, farm operators and spouses...

The paper has discussed the income levels and livelihood issues of farmers on the basis of a large field study in Uttar Pradesh. The study has shown that agriculture is not able to provide sustenance to a large number of farmers in this state. The per-day per-capita income from agriculture has been found to be ̀ 15 for marginal farmers, ` 31 for small farmers, ` 45 for medium farmers and ` 84 fo...

Agricultural income volatility has become a major hurdle for Irish farmers and policymakers to overcome in their drive to increase investment, production and ultimately income in the sector. This paper studies data from 927 farms in the Teagasc National Farm Survey between 2005 and 2013, the first 9 years of the decoupled subsidy era. The primary income support for European farmers, the single ...

Through establishing VAR Model, and applying modern cointegration theory and such methods of measurements as impact decomposition, this article probes into long term and short term interactive relations between Chinese farm products import & export and growth of farmers’ income. It is shown, in the long run, a stable equilibrium relationship exists between the three factors, and farm products e...

Does poverty lead to stress? Despite several studies showing correlations between socioeconomic status and levels of the stress hormone cortisol, it remains unknown whether this relationship is causal. We used random weather shocks in Kenya to address this question. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that rainfall is an important input for farmers, but not for non-farmers such as urb...

Forestry ecological projects have a huge impact on the living standard of forest farmers. Thus, information channels forest farmers choose to know about the information of these projects have great importance. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that influencing the adoption of these information channels of forest farmers in Western China. Rough set theory is used to solve...

This study attempt to reveal the opportunities for increasing peasant farmers income through snail production in Ghana. The paper stressed that snail production is a crucial means of increasing peasant farmers income, protein supply and utilization of farm scraps in Ghana. This is because, from putting up structure, obtaining snails and feed, caring to harvesting, snail production is very cheap...

This paper estimates a stochastic production using household survey data to analyze the relationship between farmers’ health impediments and agricultural production efficiency in Ethiopia. The results show that healthy farmers produce more per unit of inputs, earn more income and supply more labor than farmers affected by sickness. The model results show that production inefficiency increases s...